Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a retinal disease affecting the macula, responsible for central, detailed vision. AMD leads to progressive central vision loss, while peripheral vision remains intact.

There are two main forms:

• Dry AMD: Over 80% of cases. It involves thinning of the macula (atrophy) and the formation of drusen, small waste deposits from photoreceptor metabolism. Vision loss is gradual. A recent innovation is scleral iontophoresis with lutein, offering a novel management strategy. Lutein-based nutritional supplements may also help slow disease progression.
• Wet AMD: Less common but more severe, involving abnormal blood vessel growth (neovascularization) beneath the retina. These vessels leak fluid and cause scarring, damaging central vision. Intravitreal anti-VEGF injectionsare the main treatment.

Because AMD is often asymptomatic in early stages, regular eye exams are essential for early detection. A healthy lifestyle, including a diet rich in leafy greens, fruits, yellow vegetables, and fish, can help protect the macula and slow disease progression.