The tear film plays a critical role in maintaining ocular surface health and comfort.
When tear quantity or quality is insufficient to adequately protect and hydrate the ocular surface, the condition is referred to as dry eye disease (DED). Symptoms include reduced tear secretion, excessive tear evaporation, or alterations in tear film composition that compromise effective lubrication.
The prevalence of dry eye increases with age and is particularly common in postmenopausal women, largely due to hormonal changes that diminish lacrimal gland function and tear film stability.
A clear understanding of these underlying mechanisms is essential for implementing targeted preventive and therapeutic interventions aimed at preserving ocular surface integrity and overall visual health.